The Ultimate AP Chemistry Formula Sheet (2025 Edition)

TLDR:

• Covers every key formula you’ll need for the AP Chemistry Exam — from gas laws to Gibbs free energy.

• Designed for quick memorization and exam recall.

• Includes constants, units, and mnemonics to make studying easier.

• Download or print the full one-page formula sheet above.

Why This Matters

AP Chemistry rewards understanding relationships — not just memorizing equations.
Whether it’s predicting how temperature affects pressure or calculating reaction rates, having all the right formulas in one place can save precious time during the exam.

This master sheet condenses everything into a clean, single-page format used by our top students across North America.

Key Sections You’ll Master

1. Constants & Conversions

Avogadro’s number, the gas constant, Planck’s constant, and more — all in one spot.
Quick recall tip: Remember “6.022” (Avogadro) and “8.314” (gas constant). They appear everywhere from ideal gas laws to energy calculations.

2. Atomic & Electronic Formulas

From energy of photons to de Broglie wavelengths, these define how electrons behave.
Visual idea: Diagram of photon energy transitions with arrows showing ΔE = hc/λ.

3. Gas Laws

PV = nRT — the foundation of chemistry.
Remember that volume and temperature move together, while pressure and volume move oppositely.
Visual idea: Simple graph showing inverse vs. direct relationships (Boyle’s, Charles’, Gay-Lussac’s).

4. Thermodynamics

ΔG = ΔH − TΔS tells you if a reaction is spontaneous.
If ΔG < 0, it’s spontaneous; if > 0, it needs energy.
Visual idea: Flowchart showing exothermic vs. endothermic reactions and spontaneity.

Tutor Tip:
Don’t just memorize. Think conceptually — when temperature rises, entropy often wins, pushing reactions to spontaneity.

5. Equilibrium

K = [products]/[reactants].
If Q < K, reaction moves forward; if Q > K, it reverses.
Visual idea: “Balance beam” showing how stress shifts equilibrium (Le Chatelier’s Principle).

6. Electrochemistry

Red Cat, An Ox — reduction at cathode, oxidation at anode.
Equations link potential, energy, and spontaneity: ΔG° = −nFE°cell.
Visual idea: Battery diagram showing flow of electrons from anode to cathode.

7. Kinetics

Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n — shows how reactant concentrations affect speed.
Use ln[A] or 1/[A] plots to find the order of reaction.
Visual idea: Three curves showing zero-, first-, and second-order decay patterns.

8. Acids, Bases & Solutions

pH = −log[H⁺]; pOH = −log[OH⁻]; pH + pOH = 14.
Use Henderson–Hasselbalch for buffer systems: pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]).
Visual idea: pH scale from 0–14 with examples (strong acid → neutral → strong base).

9. Stoichiometry & Moles

g → mol → mol → g — the golden path for every problem.
Always balance before calculating.
Visual idea: Flow diagram showing step-by-step conversion from grams to moles to grams.

10. Phase Changes & IMFs

q = mCΔT (heating) and q = nΔHvap (phase change).
H-bond > Dipole > LDF — strongest to weakest forces.
Visual idea: Water molecule showing hydrogen bonding and boiling point elevation.

Quick Mnemonics Recap

• Gas Laws → “Boyle pushes, Charles expands, Gay heats”

• Thermodynamics → “Good Horses Take Sugar” (G = H − T·S)

• Electrochemistry → “Red Cat, An Ox”

• Acids & Bases → “Strong acids dissociate, weak ones dance”

Tutor Tip:
Memorizing 100+ equations won’t help unless you understand how they connect.
For example, PV = nRT explains pressure changes, but also connects to ΔG = −RT ln K — linking gases, energy, and equilibrium in one framework.

Looking for more than just a formula sheet? Our Ivy-League tutors specialize in AP Chemistry and know how to turn these equations into higher scores.

📌 Book a free AP Chemistry strategy session today